高中英语寒假每日一练：20210218

导语 

从2021年2月3日开始，提供一些练习题每日一练。题目来自模拟试题或期末考试题，按照题目的顺序从阅读理解题、七选五、完形填空、语法填空、应用文写作和读后续写的形式进行。每天用时20分钟，提供答案详解和词汇注释，在保持假期做题的热度的同时，也识记单词。

There have been fires in every Australian state, but New South Wales has been  hardest hit. Fires have torn through bushland (丛林地), wooded areas, and national parks. Some start and are controlled in a few days, but the biggest fires have been burning for months.

Each year there is a fire season during the Australian summer, with hot, dry weather making it easy for fires to start and spread. Natural causes are responsible for fires most of the time, like lightning hits in drought-affected forests. Dry lightning was to blame for starting a number of fires in late December, which then traveled more than 20 kilometers in just five hours. Humans can also be responsible. Police have charged at least 24 people with starting bushfires on purpose, and have taken action against 183 people for setting fire since November.

Fire season in Australia is always dangerous -- the 2009 Black Saturday fires killed 173 people in Victoria, making it the deadliest bushfire disaster on record. But conditions have been unusually bad this year, making fires burn more strongly and making firefighting conditions particularly difficult. Australia is experiencing one of its worst droughts over the years. Meanwhile, a heatwave in December broke the record for highest nationwide average temperature, with some places under temperatures well above 40 degrees Celsius. Strong winds have also made the fires and smoke spread more rapidly, and have led to deaths.

About half a billion animals have been affected by the fires across NSW, with millions likely dead -- and that's lower than what is probably the real number. That number of total animals influenced could be as high as one billion nationwide. Almost a third of koalas in NSW may have been killed in the fires, and a third of the places where they live have been destroyed.

Some species, like koalas, aren't in any immediate danger of extinction because they are spread out across the country. But others that live in more suitable environments with lower populations, including certain types of frogs and birds, could be destroyed entirely if their home is hit by the fires.

4.Fires in Australia _________.

A. may last a long time

B. often happen in spring

C. mainly happened in some states

D. are easily controlled in a few hours

5.Fires in late December ___________.

A. spread rapidly

B. caused by humans

C. were put out by police

D. were due to wet weather

6.What does the underlined word “heatwave”probably mean?

A. big fire

B. strong wind

C. serious drought

D. period of hot weather

7.Why aren’t koalas in danger of extinction at once?

A. Because they can run fast.

B. Because they live far and wide

C. Because their home is well protected

D. Because they have a lower population.

词汇注释

torn [tɔːn] 扰乱；扯下；撕掉；流泪；（tear的过去分词）

drought [draʊt] 干旱；旱灾；旱季；枯竭

lightning [ˈlaitnɪŋ] 闪电；雷电;快速的；闪电般的;打闪（电）；（lightning的现在分词）

blame [bleɪm] 把…归咎于；责怪；指责；责备;指责；责备；过失；责任

responsible [rɪˈspɒnsɪb(ə)l] 尽责的；负有责任的；负责的；有责任的；可靠的

charged [tʃɑːdʒd] 使充电；控诉；装载；记在账上；向前冲；充电；索价；（charge的过去式和过去分词）;紧张的；充满感情的；带电的

record [ˈrɛkɔːd] 记录；记载；成绩；履历；纪录；最佳成绩；唱片；审判记录；唱片乐曲;记录；记下…备案；录制；正式记录；申明…供记录在案；标明；标示；取得；录音

heatwave [ˈhiːtweɪv] 热浪；酷暑期

average [ˈæv(ə)rɪdʒ] 平均的；普通的；典型的；一般的；通常的；平均数的;平均数；平均水平；平均率；平均估价;调和；分摊；按比例分配；计算...的平均值;平均；作为或达到一个中间值；维持平均价格

temperature [ˈtɛmp(ə)rətʃə] 温度；气温；体温；发烧

degrees [dɪ'ɡri:z] 程度；度；学位；度数；（degree的复数）

celsius [ˈselsiəs] 摄氏的;摄氏

extinction [ɪkˈstɪŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n] 消灭；废止；灭绝；废除

suitable [ˈsuːtəb(ə)l] 合适的；适当的；适宜的；适用的

参考答案

【答案】4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B

【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了澳大利亚由于夏季天气炎热干燥，经常有大火席卷丛林、林区和国家公园，带来了很多危害。

【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Some start and are controlled in a few days, but the biggest fires have been burning for months. (一些火灾在几天内开始并得到控制，但最大的火灾已经燃烧了几个月。)”以及第二段中“Each year there is a fire season during the Australian summer, with hot, dry weather making it easy for fires to start and spread. (澳大利亚的夏季每年都有一个火灾季节，炎热干燥的天气使火灾很容易发生和蔓延。)”可知，澳大利亚的火灾可能会持续很长一段时间。故选A项。

【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dry lightning was to blame for starting a number of fires in late December, which then traveled more than 20 kilometers in just five hours. (干燥的闪电导致了12月底的多起火灾，火灾在短短5小时内蔓延了20多公里。)”可知，12月下旬的大火迅速蔓延。故选A项。

【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Meanwhile, a heatwave in December broke the record for highest nationwide average temperature, with some places under temperatures well above 40 degrees Celsius. (与此同时，12月的________打破了全国最高平均温度记录，一些地方的温度远高于40摄氏度。)”由全国最高平均温度和远高于40摄氏度，可知指的是炎热的天气，因此划线词heatwave意为“热浪，热天期”。故选D项。

【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Some species, like koalas, aren't in any immediate danger of extinction because they are spread out across the country. (有些物种，比如考拉，并没有立即面临灭绝的危险，因为它们遍布全国。)”可知，考拉没有马上灭绝，因为它们住的距离又远、范围又广。故选B项。

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